Target Knows You're Pregnant: Psychological Management and Consumer Data

Monday, March 26 2012 14:49 | Written by Lisa Wade, Ph.D.

A great story at the New York Times reveals how the evolving science of marketing is creating its own set of challengers for advertisers.  Target, like many companies, tracks its customers purchases and uses the data to send packets of coupons tailored to individuals and households.  In this way, they tempt us into the store by offering us deals on things they know we want.

Target is also in the business of predicting what a person will want.  So the marketing company decided to try to use costumer shopping habits in order to predict pregnancy.  If they could start sending the woman baby-related before she started shopping for them in earnest, the company figured, she might end up always thinking of Target when she needed to spend money on the baby.

Using an algorithm that considered the purchasing patterns typical of newly pregnant women -- e.g., prenatal vitamins, scent-free instead of scented lotion, a sudden uptick in the acquisition of cotton balls -- they were able to make a pretty good guess as to whether a female customer was expecting.  Suddenly these women were getting coupon books full of baby-related discounts.

This caused two problems.

First was the father of the teenage girl who started getting coupons for diapers in the mail.  This led to an angry phone call to Target and, later, a chagrined apology by the stunned grandpa-to-be (story here).

The second was the reaction of the intended target, the expectant moms.  Some were pretty freaked out that Target knew they were pregnant!  It's one thing, it turns out, for Target to know you like vanilla better than chocolate ice cream, or you fancy scented candles; it's different, perhaps, to suddenly realize that it knows your having a baby.  That could feel like a serious invasion of privacy.

So Target learned that the ability to predict our needs and desires comes with the need to do some psychological management as well. Accordingly, they began sneaking baby-related coupons into coupon books that also included other things.  So far, Target reports, these women are none the wiser... and thinking of Target as their one-stop baby shop.

Lisa Wade, Ph.D.

Lisa Wade, Ph.D.

Dr. Lisa Wade is a cultural critic and sociologist based in Los Angeles, California.  She holds a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Wisconsin, Madison and an M.A. in human sexuality from New York University. She is currently an Assistant Professor at Occidental College, where she teaches courses in gender, race, and sexuality.

Lisa’s research involves the intersection of inequality and the body. Widely published in well-regarded journals, her publications discuss gender and sexuality (including “hook up culture”), genital cutting (“ours” and “theirs”), the practice of journalism, and the tension between feminism and multiculturalism.

Lisa enjoys the occasional opportunity to give public lectures on her work. She also frequently serves as an expert source for journalists writing for outlets such as the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, CNN, ABC News, the Baltimore Sun, Bitch, the Chicago Tribune, CNN, the Columbus Dispatch, the Guardian, Ms., and the San Francisco Chronicle,.

Finally, Lisa is also the founder and editor, as well of an author of the most widely read sociology blog on the web, Sociological Images.   Presenting brief discussions of compelling and timely imagery that span the breadth of sociological inquiry, the site encourages all kinds of people to exercise and develop their sociological imagination. Sociological Images posts are frequently re-posted at Jezebel, Ms., Racialicious, and other sites, as well as routinely used as a source by a wide range of news organizations.

Website: www.lisa-wade.com E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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